Lidocaine
(Xylocaine, Octocaine, Nervocaine, Dilocaine)
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Category:
Description:
Indications:
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LOCAL:
infiltration anesthesia, nerve block
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TOP
(spray, ointment, solution) : anesthesia of skin and accessible mucous
membranes
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TOP
(jelly): anesthesia of urethra, anesthetic lubricant for endotracheal
intubation
Contraindications:
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Hypersensitivity
to amide anesthetics, heart block, septicemia, ophthalmic use
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Spinal
anesthesia (preparations containing preservatives)
Precautions:
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Pregnancy
category C
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Inflammation,
sepsis, shock
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Elderly,
children, severe liver disease
Adverse
Reactions (Side Effects):
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CNS:
anxiety, disorientation, seizures, shivering, tremors, loss of
consciousness
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CV:
bradycardia, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmias, myocardial depression
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EENT:
blurred vision, tinnitus
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RESP:
respiratory arrest, status asthmaticus
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SKIN:
allergic reactions, burning, edema, irritation, rash, tissue necrosis,
urticaria
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Dosage:
Administered
topically, injection
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Adult
and Child:
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LOCAL
varies with procedure, degree of anesthesia desired, vascularity
of tissue, duration of anesthesia required, and physical condition
of patient; max 4.5 mg/kg/dose, do not repeat within 2 hours
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TOP
apply to affected area as needed, max 3 mg/kg/dose, do not repeat
within 2 hours
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Source:
Operational Medicine 2001, Health
Care in Military Settings, NAVMED P-5139, May 1, 2001, Bureau
of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, 2300 E Street NW, Washington,
D.C., 20372-5300
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