TABLE 4. Estimated Relative Risk (95% Confidence
Interval) of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke in Current Oral Contraceptive
Users According to Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Studies Since 1994
|
Reference |
Overall or No Risk Factors |
Smoking |
Hypertension |
Diabetes |
Hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Myocardial Infarction |
||||||
|
Netherlands/RATIO study |
2.1 (1.4–3.1)* |
13.6 (7.9–23.4) |
6.1 (3.1–12.1) |
17.4 (3.1–98.1) |
24.7 (5.6–108.5) |
|
|
Western United States/KPSC/Seattle |
1.0 (0.4–2.3)† |
1.0 (0.3–2.5) |
No data‡ |
No data‡ |
No data‡ |
|
|
WHO | ||||||
European centers |
3.1 (1.1–9.0)† |
87.0 (29.8–254) |
68.1 (6.2–751) |
NR |
NR |
|
|
Developing country centers |
4.0 (1.6–10.1)† |
22.6 (7.6–67.2) |
15.3 (3.3–71.6) |
NR |
NR |
|
|
Ischemic Stroke |
||||||
|
Netherlands/RATIO study |
2.1 (1.5–3.1)* |
4.4 (2.7–7.3) |
7.6 (3.5–16.3) |
5.3 (0.7–42.6) |
10.8 (2.3–49.9) |
|
|
Western United States/KPSC/Seattle |
1.1 (0.5–2.2)† |
0.7 (0.2–3.0) |
No data‡ |
No data‡ |
No data‡ |
|
|
WHO | ||||||
European centers |
3.0 (1.7–5.4)* |
7.2 (3.2–16.1) |
10.7 (2.0–56.6) |
NR |
NR |
|
|
Developing country centers |
2.9 (2.2–4.0)* |
4.8 (2.8–8.4) |
14.5 (5.4–39.0) |
NR |
NR |
|
KPSC, Kaiser Permanente Southern California; NR, not reported;
RATIO, Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives; WHO,
World Health Organization.
*Overall relative risk in all current oral contraceptive users.
†Relative risk in women with no cardiovascular disease risk
factors.
‡No data, Authors stated there were not enough current oral
contraceptive users with this risk factor to estimate risk.