Fig. 3. Abdominal incisions. A. Pfannenstiel incision should be made in a curvilinear fashion approximately 2 cm above the pubic symphysis. B. Joel-Cohen incision should be made in a linear fashion approximately 2 to 3 cm above the traditional placement of the Pfannenstiel incision. C. Midline vertical incision should be made in the midline and extend from just below the umbilicus to just above the symphysis pubis and may be continued around the umbilicus if more exposure is necessary. D. Wiser (right paramedian) incision should be made several cm to the right side of the umbilicus and somewhat higher than the normal midline vertical incision.