Urine is normally pale yellow to amber. Abnormal or unusual colors include:
Color
Significance
Black
Alkaptonuria
Port wine
Porphyrins
Methemoglobin
Hemoglobin
Lysol poisoning
Red-Brown
Hemoglobinuria
Blood
Myoglobinuria
Porphyrins
Red
Eating beets
Cascara and Senna laxatives
Phenazopyridine ingestion
Orange
Concentrated urine
Small amounts of bile
Phenazopyridine ingestion
Oral anticoagulants
Ethoxazene
Chlorzoxazone
Yellow-Brown
Bilirubin
Sulfonamides
Nitrofurantoin
Yellow-Green
Bilirubin
Pseudomonas
Green-Blue
Methylene blue
Amitriptyline
Smoky
Blood
Normal Values*
Color
Pale yellow to amber
Turbidity
Clear to slightly hazy
Specific Gravity
1.015 to 1.025
pH
4.5-8.0
Glucose
Negative
Ketones
Negative
Blood
Negative
Protein
Negative
Bilirubin
Negative
Urobilinogen
0.1-1.0
Nitrate for bacteria
Negative
Leukocyte esterase
Negative
Casts
Negative
Red blood cells
Negative
Crystals
Negative
White blood cells
Negative/Rare
Epithelial cells
Few
*These are general values taken from a variety of sources. The actual normal values may vary from lab to lab and from one type of testing protocol to another.
Source: Operational Medicine 2001, Health Care in Military Settings, NAVMED P-5139, May 1, 2001, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, 2300 E Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20372-5300
